There is growing interest in the long-term viability of membrane treatment systems in water reclamation, as measured by life cycle assessment (LCA), which considers the environmental performance. The environmental impacts of a membrane system's installation and operation must be investigated to identify environmentally acceptable systems. LCA evaluated the environmental performance of two different technologies: an integrated ultrafiltration membrane and photovoltaic-reverse osmosis membrane system. This book includes a comprehensive literature analysis of prior LCA studies conducted on membrane-based water treatment systems. It can be concluded that membrane production and energy consumption play a vital role in the overall environmental impact of the system. This book aims to assist decision makers in determining a sustainable water treatment system, particularly in Malaysia, and set precedent for future clean energy research through integration of renewable energy sources.